OCD research papers show that OCD, or obsessive compulsive disorder, is an anxiety disorder which consists of a variety of symptoms. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD stands for obsessive-compulsive disorder. In a later study, 75 to 80% of ERP patients improved compared with 22 to 23 % of clomipramine patients. Studies of genetic involvement in OCD have been inconsistent. Personal care and motivation stems from transformational leadership. In order for cognitive therapy to develop, however, research must identify which cognitions to target and how best to measure them. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY QUESTIONS PAPER June 28, 2020. Preliminary findings from one study suggest that using self-help texts can lead to significant improvement. These include overestimation of risk, excessive responsibility, controllability, overimportance of thoughts, intolerance of ambiguity, and perfectionism. EssayEmpire is the best choice for those who seek help in research paper writing related to psychology topics. Ocd research paper Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Symptoms, causes, and treatment. The most common obsessions are fear of contamination, fear of causing harm to another, fear of making a mistake, fear of behaving in a socially unacceptable manner, need for symmetry or exactness, and excessive doubt. Impulses are the result of the obsession. Stop obsessing: How to overcome your obsessions and compulsions. Despite its name, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is no more closely related to OCD than avoidant, dependent, histrionic, or several other personality disorders. Our customer support team is available Monday-Friday 9am-5pm EST. This means that if you have 500 friends on your Facebook page 5 of them are diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Although marital satisfaction among OCD patients resembles that of the general population, OCD patients (especially males who have an early onset) have higher celibacy rates than the general population. The degree of benefit and the consistency of ERP results from multiple treatment sites and countries are quite impressive and clearly indicate that exposure and response prevention is an effective intervention. The most common compulsions are checking rituals, which are usually designed to prevent catastrophes like fire, burglary, causing someone harm, or embarrassing oneself. In particular, parents of OCD patients and/or subclinical obsessive compulsives have been found to be overprotective, critical, perfectionistic, and risk aversive. In subsequent studies, comparable improvement for RET and ERP treatments was seen among patients randomly assigned to treatment type and RET was also associated with a greater decline in irrational beliefs. The content of clinical obsessive intrusions differs little from ordinary intrusive thoughts experienced by most people, but the former provoke much more anxiety and are more difficult to dismiss. Responding to these experiences, the individual may “neutralize” them, using some ritualistic thought or action, or attempt to ignore or suppress them. This neurological disorder can be very mild or can become so persistent that it interferes with everyday life (Meyers 478). It’s really difficult living a normal life with this disorder. Intolerance for ambiguity is evident in obsessional beliefs about the necessity of being certain, about poor capacity to cope with unpredictable change, and about inadequate functioning in situations that are inherently ambiguous. Other research suggests that patients with schizotypal personality disorder respond poorly to SRI treatment for OCD. Steketee, G., & White, K. (1990). Diagnosis and SymptomsA. Some investigators report associations between OCD and kleptomania, as well as exhibitionism. In addition to level of insight, other issues remain unsolved. One form of Tourette’s may be OCD-related and some OCD cases are Tourette’s-related. There is some indication that the expression of OCD symptomatology is at least partially influenced by cultural factors. These two types of explanations are by no means mutually exclusive. Research done by (Dipali V. R., Clayton N., 2014) suggests that social norms are among the strongest influences on college drinking (Neighbors, Lee, Lewis, Fossos, & Larimer, 2007). Abel, J. L. (1993). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger. They can abuse alcohol. There may be a shared vulnerability for various forms of depression as well, with studies indicating concurrent prevalence rates of 12 to 80%. Parents of checkers are hypothesized to set higher standards for their children, to be overcontrolling and overcritical, as well as modeling meticulousness. Recent research has found higher levels of perfectionism among OCD-diagnosed populations, as well as nonclinical populations, that exhibit obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Prevalence rates in this range have been replicated in a variety of studies throughout the world. Published by Jessica White on June 28, 2020. OCD research papers: point 1. Goals for such groups include improving self-esteem, sharing feelings and experiences, accepting patients’ realistic limitations, and learning strategies for coping with OCD symptoms. In recent reports, from 10 to 27% of patients drop out of SRI treatment. Explain the causes of OCD. It is possible that compensatory mechanisms in the body mask peripheral markers that would indicate serotonin dysregulation. The basal ganglia stores these programs and provides a gating mechanism for their release. It suggests that people with OCD do not react to an actual feared stimulus nor to its perceived consequences. Among subclinical compulsive checkers, several studies reported deficits in memory for actions performed. The First Amendment states that, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.” Who We Are; Membership; Contact Us; Awards. Related to memory dysfunction in OCD, some argue that OCD patients also fail to categorize and integrate information properly. Intravenously administered clomipramine may work significantly faster than oral administration, as has been seen in several clinical series, and it may be effective for patients who do not respond to standard treatment. Several studies have compared RET focusing on OCD beliefs with self-controlled ERP. The combination of clomipramine and ERP resulted in more subjects in the “much” improved category after 1 year (73%). CiteScore values are based on citation counts in a range of four years (e.g. Research has also indicated that OCD is often present in eating disorders, with the relationship dating back decades and was first documented in scientific research in the 1930s and was associated with the personality traits of “compulsion neurosis” and “compulsive obsessive” (Pollack & Forbush, 2013). In the second stage of this model, compulsions or escape/avoidance behaviors provide relief from the obsessional anxiety or discomfort. Moreover, it also competes with sorbitol, although glycerol has better taste... ...inspiration, and actions of those within the group are amplified by the type of management. Also along these lines, some researchers suggest that at least a subtype of OCD and Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome are different phenotypic expressions of a common underlying genotype. The new emotional information processed within such a session contains information about habituation, coping with anxiety, and so on, which is incompatible with a “fear” structure and therefore weakens the OC fear. Other reports have outlined psychoeducational groups for families that include sessions on diagnosis, assessment, theories of OCD, behavioral treatment, medications, and prevention of relapse. It appears that involving spouses and other family members in ERP leads to significant gains in OCD symptoms, mood state, and social and occupational functioning compared with unassisted treatment. Other PET scan studies have found increased metabolic activity in the striatum during exposure among OCD cleaners, but reduced metabolic activity among OCD checkers. The basal ganglia, frontal cortex, and the limbic structures which connect them have been the focus of anatomical models of OCD. So far i have: Someone who is getting ready for school but has to stop to count objects or was their hands multiple times might have ocd. Two types of explanations have emerged. Also, obsessions are different in character from the guilty or depressive ruminations characteristic of people with major depression. Patients with OCD display a number of cognitive characteristics to a greater degree than other people. When a mismatch occurs, arousal and corrective procedures are undertaken. Furthermore, some evidence suggests that imaginal exposure may work better for patients with checking compulsions, perhaps because their fears can be more easily accessed by imagery. There may be some utility to identifying subtypes of OCD. On the basis of evidence for basal ganglia involvement, some investigators postulate that OCD is a basal ganglia disorder. An important question concerning the relationship of OCD and depression is whether the depression that accompanies OCD is primary or secondary. Such efforts at control are hypothesized to be evident in hypervigilance for mental events, in a moral attitude toward control as a virtue, and in feared psychological and behavioral consequences of the failure to control thoughts. Cognitive CharacteristicsC. The findings were that college students who are higher in temptation drink more and experience more alcohol-related problems when they perceive drinking to be more prevalent among their peers. OCD is a disorder than can be treated whether through medications or behavioral therapy can be effective. Although early cognitive treatments for OCD were not derived from these cognitive conceptualizations, more recently developed treatments have been. Additionally, several studies have found that self-controlled treatment is as effective as therapist directed, and may produce more durable gains. According to Salkovskis, the reaction to negative intrusive experiences in people with OCD depends on a set of underlying beliefs. The research connects the performance effects of transformational leadership and an assembly of nurses in a municipal hospital in Italy (2013). Others have reported that this form of cognitive therapy altered unrealistic beliefs in a case with overvalued ideas. Related to the cognitive features described earlier is the need for certainty to avoid criticism and reduce risk. Other variants that have shown some promise include the use of therapist modeling and varying the duration of treatment and the spacing of ERP sessions. These early theories are similar with respect to the role and content of specific irrational beliefs, although they have been largely subsumed by more recent cognitive theorizing. These models involve a two-step process. Reviews of the available literature have recommended cingulotomy as the first choice for psychosurgery with these patients. Biological Treatments for OCDIV. Anxiety disorders, depression, alcohol abuse (dependence), eating disorders, Tourette’s syndrome, body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, and schizophrenia have all been found to be associated with OCD. Behavioral ModelsB. Neuropharmacological explanations have focused on the role of the serotonergic transmission system, and neuroanatomical explanations have concentrated on the orbitofrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, and their connections. Fixed-action patterns (obsessions) occur automatically in response to obsessions and require effortful suppression and/or neutralization. This sample OCD Research Paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. One subtype may be those with early onset (especially males), tics, and/or schizotypal traits. OCD is an anxiety disorder. Greater insight regarding obsessions has been associated with positive ERP outcome in some studies, but not in others. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31,463-478. Several information processing capabilities, including memory, categorization, and attention, have been hypothesized to distinguish OCD patients from nonpatients. The following literature reviews attempt to support this hypothesis. They categorize in an underinclusive way, such that many small categories are generated with narrow boundaries and overspecifled rules for category membership. Irrelevant stimuli during normal processing, interfering with their focus on obsessions ( intrusive thoughts, more! The latter finding may reflect the ability of checkers are hypothesized to set higher standards for their release least hour! Show higher levels of expressed emotion ( criticism and reduce risk an hour a day and with! Exposure and response prevention reduces rituals more than 90 % of patients schizotypal! In two studies of fear: exposure to a fear stimulus events, attempts to this. Linked to OCD in both theory and clinical descriptions of the treatment of OCD, this is. 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