The Mass at Bolsena depicts the story of a Bohemian priest who in 1263 ceased to doubt the doctrine of Transubstantiation when he saw the bread begin to bleed during its consecration at Mass. According to the Catholic Church, Pope Leo IV contained the fire with his benediction. Moreover, the decoration of the room is completed by figures of great Popes surrounded by allegorical statues of Virtue. The Room of the fire in the Borgo was used in the times of Julius II for the meetings of the highest court of the Holy See: the Segnatura Gratiae et Iustitae, presided over by the Pope. Together with Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel Ceiling frescoes, they are the grand fresco sequences that mark the High Renaissance in Rome. The vision in the sky is painted with the words in Greek "Εν τούτω νίκα" ("By this, conquer", better known as the Latin In hoc signo vinces) written next to it. The episode represented in the painting shows the topographical precision north of Rome with Monte Mario, where Villa Madama (built those years by Raphael for the Pope) is also shown on the left side. The frescos depict events from the lives of Popes Leo III and Leo IV. Completed in: 1511. The third painting in the sequence, The Baptism of Constantine, was most likely painted by Gianfrancesco Penni, and shows the emperor being baptised by Pope Sylvester I in the Lateran Baptistery at Rome, following the account of Constantine's baptism given in the Acts of Sylvester and the Liber Pontificalis (and not the different deathbed version recounted in Eusebius's Life of Constantine). Raphael Rooms (c.1508-20) The four Raphael Rooms (Stanze di Raffaello), belonging to the Vatican Museums in Rome, visited by over 4 million people a year, are … Transfiguration. Moreover, at the time of Leo X the room served as a dining room. The fresco is notable for its natural moonlight, man-made torchlight, and God-provided angel light. Moreover, when Raphael died in 1520, his assistants Gianfrancesco Penni, Giulio Romano and Raffaellino del Colle made the project ready by finishing works with the frescoes in the “Hall of Constantine.”, These four rooms are “Hall of Constantine” (Sala di Constantino), “Room of Heliodorus” (Stanza di Eliodoro), “Room of the Segnatura” (Stanza della Segnatura), and “The Room of the Fire in the Borgo” (Stanza dell’Incendio del Borgo). The Expulsion of Heliodorus, from whom one of four rooms takes its name, embodies the biblical episode of Heliodorus, sent by the king of Syria Seleucus, to posses the treasure located in the temple of Jerusalem. You can visit the museum complex of the Vatican daily, except Sunday. The rooms had been decorated by several artists previously including, Piero Della Francesca and Luca Signorelli, but Raphael eliminated all previous work and replaced it with his own. He represented fewer, larger figures so that their actions and emotions have more direct impact on the viewers, and he used theatrical lighting effects to spotlight certain figures and heighten tension. Year: 1520. Additionally, for adults older than 60 years old and students there are special discount – the cost of the ticket is 8 euro. According to the legend, the apparition of Saints Peter and Paul armed with swords during the meeting of Pope Leo the Great and Attila (452 AD) made the king of the Huns to refrain from the invasion to Italy. On December 23, 800 AD, Pope Leo III took an oath of purgation concerning charges brought against him by the nephews of his predecessor Pope Hadrian I. The Room of Heliodorus was initially used for the private audiences of the Pope. Raphael was born in the Marches area of Italy. Raphael arrived in Florence in 1504 and remained in the Tuscan capital until the end of 1508. These rooms are worldwide known for their frescoes, painted by Raphael and his workshop. Moreover, Euclid is shown on the right side, where he is teaching geometry to his students and Zoroaster is represented holding the heavenly sphere, while Ptolemy holding the earthly sphere. Moreover, the pontiff is a portrait of the Pope Julius II. Raphael Rooms, also called the Stanze, were originally created as a suite of apartments for Pope Julius II della Rovere. The next room, going from East to West, is the Stanza di Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"). Its paintings were not begun until Pope Julius and, indeed Raphael himself, had died. The School of Athens fresco represents the most notable philosophers of ancient times. The second room in which Raphael worked is known as the Stanza d'Eliodoro'. Location: Stanza della Segnatura (Signature… The Cardinal Virtues allegorically presents the virtues of fortitude, prudence and temperance alongside charity, faith, and hope. The following is a list of paintings by Italian Renaissance painter Raphael.Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. The Raphael Rooms (the Stanze) formed the part of the apartment located in the Pontifical Palace that was chosen by Julius II della Rovere as his own residence and used by his successors. His father was a painter. The Battle of the Pons Milvius (312 AD) represented the victory of Christianity over the pagan world. Transfiguration is the last painting created by Raphael. The largest of the twelve rooms is the Sala di Costantino ("Hall of Constantine"). The four paintings are: The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Meeting of Pope Leo I and Attila, and The Deliverance of Saint Peter from Prison. [5] The fresco is a study in light: natural moonlight, man-made torchlight, and God-provided angel light. During this period he painted some wonderful works such as the beautiful Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1505-1506), displayed in the room.. Leonardo’s influence on young Raphael is evident. In the painting, Raphael created an image of the church, which is presented as spanning both heaven and earth. Lately, under Leo X, the room was used as a study and music room, in which the pontiff kept his collection of musical instruments. The Battle of Ostia painting was inspired by the naval victory of Leo IV over the Saracens at Ostia in 849. The Coronation of Charlemagne shows how Charlemagne was crowned Imperator Romanorum on Christmas Day, 800. Don’t miss an opportunity to visit the Raphael Rooms in the Vatican Museums during your Roman holiday! This event forms the foundation of the Holy Roman Empire. The next time you visit Rome, pay a visit to these rooms and you will be astonished by the paintings within them. They are famous for their frescoes, painted by Raphael and his workshop. It showcases a stunning collection of frescos painted by or under the direction of the famous Renaissance master: Raphael and his students decorated the ‘Stanze di Raffaello’ between 1508 and 1524. Of course, the best option to see all main masterpieces of the Vatican Museums and particularly of the Raphael Rooms is by getting private guided tour. According to the legend, a cross appeared to Constantine in the sky, after which as described in the fresco, he adopted the Greek motto translated as “In this sign you shall conquer.”  Thus the victory in the Battle over the Milvian Bridge is only possible in case if he substituted the imperial eagles on the soldiers’ norms with the cross, thus officially recognizing the Christian religion. Three small paintings done by Raphael shortly after The Marriage of the Virgin — Vision of a Knight, Three Graces, and St. Michael —are masterful examples of narrative painting, showing, as well as youthful freshness, a maturing ability to control the elements of his own style. The Disputation of … The Fire in the Borgo shows an event that is documented in the Liber Pontificalis: a fire that broke out in the Borgo in Rome in 847. His cloth was stained by the blood and lately held as a relic at the nearby town of Orvieto. The two scenes on the fourth wall, executed by the workshop, and the lunette above it, containing the Cardinal Virtues, were painted in 1511. The next room, going from East to West, is the Stanza di Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"). They are on the third floor, overlooking the south side of the Belvedere Courtyard. The four Raphael Rooms (Stanze di Raffaello) locate in the museum complex of the Vatican. The Stanza dell'incendio del Borgo was named for the Fire in the Borgo fresco which depicts Pope Leo IV making the sign of the cross to extinguish a raging fire in the Borgo district of Rome near the Vatican. In addition, on the ground, at the sides of the altar on which the Most Holy Sacrament dominates, you can see the Militant Church. The original furnishings from the times of Julius II were replaced with a new wooden wainscot. With recent restoration of the Raphael rooms revealing techniques only Raphael was privy to, the question as to the greatest ever artist is again wide open. The four rooms known as the Stanze of Raphael formed part of the apartment situated on the second floor of the Pontifical Palace that was chosen by Julius II della Rovere (pontiff from 1503 to 1513) as his own residence and used also by his successors. The influence of Perugino is apparent in the early works of Raphael, From around 1504 to 1508, while Raphael lived in Florence, he studied the works of masters of the High Renaissance. It was Da Vinci’s art that made an influence and inspired Raphael for his artworks from the Florentine period. Raphael took the idea to a whole new level with massive compositions that reflected philosophy, theology, literature, and jurisprudence. Raphael replaced the grotesques in the center of the ceiling with the four Episodes of the Old Testament: Noah leaving the ark (Genesis 8:15-20), The sacrifice of Isaac (Genesis 22: 1-14), Moses before the burning bush (Exodus 3: 1-12), and Jacob’s dream (Genesis 28: 10-22). In 1898, Isabella Stewart Gardner brought the first painting by Raphael to the United States. After completing the works in the first room, it left Pope Julius II thoroughly impressed. The fresco's position as well as the philosophers' walk in direction of the Holy Sacrament on the opposite wall suggested the interpretation of the whole room as the movement from the classical philosophy to the true religion and from the pre-Christian world to Christianity. It shows the Mass celebrated by a Bohemian priest and the moment of consecration, when the blood of Christ trickled from the host. The final painting in the sequence, The Donation of Constantine, records an event that supposedly took place shortly after Constantine's baptism, and was inspired by the famous forged documents, incorporated into Gratian's Decretum, granting the Papacy sovereignty over Rome's territorial dominions. The artist's concept brings into harmony the spirits of Antiquity and Christianity and reflects the contents of the pope's library with themes of theology, philosophy, jurisprudence, and the poetic arts, represented in tondi above the lunettes of the walls. 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